Aeroplane.



E. EBBI'NGHAUS.

ABROPLANE. APPLIOYATIGN FILED man, 1911.

. Patented Aug. 15,1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

E. EBBINGHAUS.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED 213.38, 1911.

4 SHEETS-'SHEET 3.

.fa/10622 a f Patented Aug. 15, 1911,.

E. EBBINGHAUS. AEROPLANE.

APPLIUATION FILED Emma, 1 911.

Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

4 SHEETS-,SHEET 4.

PATENT OFFRES v Intensa: vrusnrNGfHAtrs,"'or`Nieuw Yonminl y."

1,000,592. l` Y' f".

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERNST EBBINGHAUs, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing zit-Manhattan borough, city, county, .5 and State of New York, have invented cer- -tain new and useful Improvements in Aero-- planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

rlhis invention relates to an improvement 'lo in aeroplanes, the object being to provide a device of this character the planes, or ufings, of which are so disposed relative to each other as to provide a protection for the aviator.

A further feature of Iny improved device is an automatically operated tail, or stern-v plane, by which means the device is automatically prevented from diving to aidangerous extent.

Further features of improvement will be hereinafter set forth.

I will now proceed to describdmy invention in detail, the novel features of which I will finally claim,- reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, whereinz` Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of my improved aeroplane,` the wings and planes only being shown; Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional plan view, the section'being taken on a line 'a-a in Fig. 3; Fig. 3

is a Vertical longitudinal:sectional view, the

section being taken on a line bin Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical ectional front view, the

'35 section being taken on a line @+o in Fig-.3,

thetruckof the devicebeing omitted; Fig.

5 is a longitudinal, vertical, sectional-view of another embodiment of my invention. Fig. (fis.adiagrammatic plan view illustratingthe frame and the various wings and planes carried thereby; and Fig. 7 is a ver-v `tical sectional view thereof, the section being taken on a line 7-7 in Fig. 6. y

Referring to the drawings, my improved aeroplane comprises the convexed 4wings 1 and 2, one end of each of which is secured to the concaved frame members 3 and 4 (see Figs. 4 and 6). The other ends of the said wings are secured to uprights 5, 5 an'd 50 6, 6. As can be'seen in Fig. 1, ythe wingsl and 2' terminatein a bow 7 (Fig. 1) which acts to cut thewind.. To-the undersideA of theframe members Sand L1,' I-secu1'e auxiliary wings 85l ,and 9a. The upright-s 5, 5 and 6,'6 are extensions of the posts 8, 8 and 9, 9 respectively. To the lower ends of the I 'ispecicajton of Letters Patent. Pdell'td 15,3191L`, Appueation alearebrury 2s. 1911. Seriell611,433-

' i l l' posts/8, 8 and 9, 9, I secure a truck com-prisr i i ing frame members 1-0, one-only being shown 4in Fig. 3, to which are suitably secured lwheels 11 by which means the device can7 travel upon the ground. A

:The bow 7 of the device is causedv to keep its shape by means of the frame members 12, which meet at the said bow portion of the device.

As can be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, ythe frame members.4 l2 'diverge from the bow toward the stern, and to the stern end:...ofthe said frame members I pivotallysecure a tailf13, as at 14,' the said tail being provided withposts 15, to which one end of each of the cables 16 and 17 is secured'. As can be seen u in Fig. 3, the cables 1G pass forwardly over idlers 18, then to pivotally mounted segments-19, while' the cables 17 passl forwardly directly to the said segments .119, lthe cables 17 being secured to said segments 19 at the' end opposite to the end to which the-cables 16 are secured. The segments 19 are carried by a pivotal rod 19a, which in. turn carries arod Q0, t'o which an adjustable weightl is secured. The weight 21 acts as apendu.-` lurnand tends to keep the rodZOin a verti: cal position regardless of the angular disposition of the aeroplane. The functionof ing upwardly to, an extentwhichwould' beA dangerous. 4 v

To cont-rol the. horizontal flight 'of the pivotal planes 22, which are mounted in the manner of trap-doors in theplanesg, which in turn are angularly disposed relative to the tail 13, as can be seen in' and 7. The auxiliary planes 22 are1 h inged orpivotally secured to the planes 23. aswat 2&1.

Eacl plane 23 carriesa p ost 25 .said" posts being connected one to the other` and to aubell-cranlr lever 26 by rods 2 7 ('seev Fig. 3). The bell-crank lever QGUis in'y turnconnected to -a manipulatinglever'QS by ay link 29. The lever 28 islocate'd near the aviators SeatO- i f To control the courser ofjthe `aeroplane, Iy

`the weight 21, segment's 19and1tail 13-is to i prevent the aeroplane from divin'gor travel-A aeroplane, I provide a plurality 'of'. `auniliary provide vertical rudders 31, whi"c h arel pivz otally ,secured t Athe frame-memberslQadf jacent to thet il 13, as show .Fi'g The rudders are carried by' a ota l po st 32,l provided with arms 33,1' ow )ich .are secured oneendof two .cab 2)-,

whichin turn pass forward 'and around a 'toward the stern, as shown in Fig. 3.

druml l'on steering post'-y 35, provided with a wheel 36, near the aviators seat 30. 'lo protect the aviator from the elements', I cover -the space 37 (seeFig.` 4.) with a canopy 38 and extend the said canopy w'll o enable the aviator to see, I .provide windows' 39, one in each"w`in'g`o`i" plane 1 and 2, the said windows beinv-lo'catedbeneath the aviators seat. The windows 39 enable the aviator to Seebeneath thefaeroplane. Toenable the aviator to seexahead and on ythe sides of theae'roplane, I .provide portholes 40,` the said portholes 40 being 'located substantially on a line with the eyes vof the aviator. ,J

l, To direct' tlie yflight of the device lup-v wardly' or downwardly the aviator `has but 'to manipulate the lever 28 to throw the auxiliary planes -22 upwardly orl downwardly. To alter the course of the'aeroplane in a horizontal plane, it is but necessary tonnanipulate the steering wheel :36 to thrw the' `rudders to thev right or to the left.

While the auxiliary planes 22 controlthe upward or downward course of the de vice, they do not perform such function entirelyy unresisted, .as the tail 13 will be thrown, by means of the pivotal segment 19, oppositely to the position' i this means a too sudden inclination of the device is prevented. It will, of course, be obvious that the direction upwardly or downwardlyof the device will be'alte'ied by ri'se,

the planes 22 before the tail 13 can act, but

the action of thetail retards further upward or'downwardmovement of the device, after its position has been altered by the weighted pivotal segments 19. Should the device suddenly dive or suddenly tend to the weight 21 will rotate the segments 19 and cause the angle of the tail 13 to increase and thus retard a too sudden change of inclination.

. In the form of device as illustrated in Fig'.

5,-the.auxiliary planes 22.are provided with depending posts which are connected one to th'e'othenby beingconnected V48, to toothed segments 49, one only being shown. .The segments 49 are carried by a pivotal rod 50, 'similar to the rod 19a in Fig. 4, `the said rod 50 being carried by brackets of the said planes 22. By

by a suitable motor 42.

a rod 46, the said -rod 46 by a rod 47, having a-rackone bracket only be-l In this .foi-m of de- 51 on the posts '5 and 6, ing shown in Fig.- 5.

vice, I a lever 53 adjacent the aviators 'seat- 30, which is located upon the frame 12 instead of above the saine, as shown in Fig. 3. The

is locatedbeneath the frame 12, whereby the saidinotoiI is,l kept cool by the passage of air. The rudders 31 are connected by cables one only being shown, to a steering post 56. In the above describedform lof device, the; auxiliary planes-22 are automatically connect the'tail 13 by a rod 52 to ,motor `42 is located upon a frame 54, which operated by the seginents49, which inturn 7 are operatedby a weight 57, the tail 13l being manually controlled.

yIt will be apparent by an inspection of Fig. 6 that the frame members 3 and 4 have secured thereto inl any suitable manner the outer' end of each wing 1 and 2; the inner end of each of said wings being secured to the upright posts 5 and 6. It will be also seen that theframe-menibers. 12 are secured to the frainemembers 3 and 4 andterininate ina point at the frontend of the areoplane,

at which point the wings 1 and 2 also terminate. --Fig. I illustrates the .angular disposition of the planes 23, which are secured to the frame members 12. YAs'l the said figures illustrate a frame and a plurality Iof` wings carried by the frame, it isv notessential to describe more in -detail the manner of connecting 'the same, as this may vbe done in various ways, which formsfno part of my invention.

It will, of course, b'eiunderstod tliatthey precise details of construction illustrated in the drawings may be varied in various particulars without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

I-Iaving now described my inventiomwhat I claim and desire to y'secure by. Letters Patent is i 1. Ari aeroplane comprising a :'frame, a plurality of wi'iigs carried 'by said frame at the forward end thereof, inclined planes cai'- ried by said frame on the underside thereof,

a plurality vof auxiliary planes pivotally mounted in said, inclined planes, means' adapted to move said auxiliary planes on their pivots, a tail pivotally `mounted on said frame to the rear ofsaid auxiliary planes, means adapted to automatically operate said tail when the areoplane changes its upward or downward course, a rudder, and means adapted to actuate said. rudder. 2. Au aeroplane comprising a frame, a plurality of separated convexed wings carried by said frame at the vforward end thereof, a cover for the space between said wings,

inclined planes carried by said frame on the underside lthereof', a plurality of auxiliary planes pivotally mounted in said inclined planes, means adapted toy iary planes on their pivots, a tail, pivotally auxiliary planes, means adapted to automatically operate said tail When the aeroplaner changeaits4 upwardor downward course, a rudder, and nieans adapted to actuate said rudder. y

. 3'. An aeroplane, comprising aframe, a plurality of Wings carried by said frame at the forward end thereof, inclined planes carried by said fralne on the underside thereof, a plurality of auxiliary planes pirotally mounted in` said inclined planes, nians adapted to move said auxiliary planes on their pivots, a tail pivotally mounted on said frame to the rear of said auxiliary planes, a pivoted Weight adapted to automatically operate said tail when said aeroplane changes the direction jof its flight upwardly or downwardly, a rudder, and means adapted to actuate said rudder.

4. In an aeroplane, the combinationof a Afl-ame, a pivoted horizontally disposed tail, v.wings carried by the frame, a vertically di s-.

posed rudder, aplurality of angularly disposed planes, auxiliary planes mounted thereon, and-nieans adapted to aetuate said auxiliary planes, tailand rudder ind`epend-y ently of each other.

Signed atNeW York city, N. Y., this 24th day of February 19111.

ERNST EBBINGHAUS. VitneF-ses:

- ESTELLE O. HAMBURGER,

EDWARD A. J ARvIs. 

